Department of Indian Affairs

Department of Indian Affairs.

Programme of Studies for Indian Schools [1896]

The Programme of studies herein prescribed shall be followed by the teacher as far as the circumstances of his school permit.  Any modifications deemed necessary shall be made only with the concurrence of the department.

English

Standard I.

Standard II.

Standard III.

Word recognition and sentence making.  Simple sounds of letters of the alphabet.  Copying words.

Sounds continued.  Sentence making continued.  Orthography, oral and written.  Dictation of words learnt and of simple sentences.

Sounds completed.  Simple homonyms explained.  Sentence making continued.  Orthography, oral and written.  Sentences dictated.  Compose sentences about objects and actions

Standard IV.

Standard V.

Standard VI.

Sounds reviewed.  Sentence enlargement.  Orthography, oral and written.  Letter writing.  Simple composition, oral and written, reviewing work on general knowledge course.

Enlargement and correction of sentences continued.  Orthography, oral and written.  Letter writing continued.  Easy, oral and written, composition, reviewing general knowledge course.

Analysis of simple sentences.  Orthography, oral and written.  Letter writing continued.  Oral and written composition, reviewing general knowledge course.

General Knowledge

Standard I.

Standard II.

Standard III.

Facts concerning things in school.  Develop what is already known.  Days of week, months.

The seasons.  Measures of length and weight in common use.  Colours.  Commence animal and vegetable kingdoms, their parts and uses, cultivation, growth, &c.  Things in and about the school and their parts.

Animal and vegetable kingdoms continued.  Money.  The useful metals.

Standard IV.

Standard V.

Standard VI.

Animal, vegetable and mineral kingdoms continued.  Uses of railways and ships.  Explain manufacture of articles in common use.  The races of man.

Same enlarged.  Laws regarding fires, game, &c., of daily use.

Social relations.  Seats of Government in Canada.  System of representation and justice.  Commerce and exchange of products.

Writing

Standard I.

Standard II.

Standard III.

Elementary strokes and words on slates.  Large round hand.

Words, &c., on slates.  Large round hand.

Slates and copybook No. 1.  Medium round hand.

Standard IV.

Standard V.

Standard VI.

Copybooks Nos. 2 and 3.  Medium round hand

Copybooks Nos. 4 and 5.  Small round hand.

Copy books Nos. 6 and 7.  Small round hand.

 

Arithmetic

Standard I.

Standard II.

Standard III.

Numbers 1 to 10: their combinations and separations, oral and written.  The signs +, -, ´, ¸.  Count to 10 by ones, twos, threes, &c.  Use and meaning of one-half; one-third; one-tenth.  Making and showing one-half, one fourth, one-eighth, one-third, one-sixth, one-ninth, one-fifth, one-tenth, one-seventh (no figures).  Simple problems, oral.

Numbers 10 to 25: their combinations and separations (oral and written).  Count to 25 by ones, twos, threes, &c.  Use and meaning of one-half, one-third, one-fourth, &c., to one-twenty-fifth (no figures).  Regulation of halves, fourths, eights, thirds, sixths, twelfths, ninths (no figures).  Simple problems, introducing gallons in peck, pecks in bushel, months in year, inches in foot, pounds, current coins up to 25¢.  Addition in columns, no total to exceed 25.

Numbers 25 to 100: their combinations and separations, oral and written.  Count to 100 by ones, twos, threes, &c.  Use and meaning of one-twenty-sixth, one-twenty-seventh, &c., to one-one-hundredth (no figures).  Addition, subtraction, division and partition of fractions of Standard II.  Roman numerals I to C.  Simple problems, introducing seconds in minutes, minutes in hours, hours in day, pounds in bushel, sheets in quire, quires in ream.

Standard IV.

Standard V.

Standard VI.

Numeration and notation to 10,000.  Simple rules to 10, 000.  Addition, subtraction, division and partition of fractions already known (figures).  Introduce terms numerator, denominator, &c.  Roman notation to 2,000.  Graded problems, introducing remaining reduction tables.  Daily practice in simple rules to secure accuracy and rapidity.

Notation and numeration completed.  Formal reduction. Vulgar fractions to thirtieths.  Denominate fractions.  Daily practice to secure accuracy and rapidity in simple rules.  Reading and writing decimals to the thousandths inclusive.

Factors, measures and multiples.  Vulgar fractions completed.  Easy application of square and cubic measures.  Daily practice to secure accuracy and rapidity in simple rules.  Easy application of percentage.  Graded problems.

 

Geography

Standard I.

Standard II.

Standard III.

Development of geographical notions by reference to geographical features in neighbourhood.  Elementary lessons on direction, distance, extent.

Standard IV.

Standard V.

Standard VI.

(a) Review work of Standard III.  Lessons to lead to simple conception of the earth as a great ball, with surface of land and water, surrounded by the air, lighted by the sun, and with two moons.

(b) Lessons on natural features, first from observation, afterwards by aid of moulding-board, pictures and blackboard illustrations.

(c) Preparation for and introduction of maps. (Review lessons in position, distance, direction, with representations drawn to scale.)  Study of map in vicinity drawn on blackboard.  Maps of natural features drawn from moulded forms.  Practice in reading conventional map symbols on outline maps.

(d) General study from globe and maps.  The hemisphere, continent, oceans and large islands, their relative positions and size.  The continents: position, climate, form, outline, surroundings, principal mountains, rivers, lakes; the most important countries, productions, people, interesting facts and associations.

Simple study of important countries in each continent.  Province in which school is situated and Canada to be studied first.  The position of the country in the continent; its natural features, climate, productions, its people, their occupations, manners, customs, noted localities, cities, &c.  Moulding-boards and map drawing to be aids in the study.

(a) The earth as a globe.  Simple illustrations and statements with reference to form, size, meridians and parallels, with their use; motions and their effects, as day and night, seasons, zones, with their characteristics, as winds and ocean currents, climate as affecting the life of man.

(b) Physical features and conditions of North America, South America, and Europe, studied and compared.  Position on the globe: position, relative to other grand divisions, size, form, surface, drainage, animal and vegetable life, resources, &c.  Natural advantages of the cities.

(c) Observation to accompany the study of geography – apparent movements of the sun, moon and stars, and varying time of their rising and setting; difference in heat of sun’s rays at different hours of the day; change in the direction of the sun’s rays coming through a school-room window at the same hour during the year; varying length of noon-day shadows; change of weather, wind and seasons.

 

Ethics

Standard I.

Standard II.

Standard III.

The practice of cleanliness, obedience, respect, order, neatness.

Right and wrong.  Truth. Continuance of proper appearance and behaviour.

Independence.  Self-respect. Develop the reasons for proper appearance and behaviour.

Standard IV.

Standard V.

Standard VI.

Industry.  Honesty.  Thrift…

Citizenship of Indians.  Patriotism.  Industry.  Thrift.  Self-maintenance.  Charity.  Pauperism.

Indian and white life.  Patriotism.  Evils of Indian isolation.  Enfranchisement. Labour the law of life.  Relations of the sexes as to labour.  Home and public duties.

 

Reading

Standard I.

Standard II.

Standard III.

First Primer

Second Primer

Second Reader

Standard IV.

Standard V.

Standard VI.

Third Reader

Fourth Reader

Fifth Reader

 

Recitation

To begin in Standard II, is to be in line with what is taught in English and developed into pieces of verse and prose which contain the highest moral and patriotic maxims and thoughts.

History

Standard I.

Standard II.

Standard III.

Stories of Indians of Canada and their civilizations.

 

Standard IV.

Standard V.

Standard VI.

History of province in which school is situated.

Canadian History (commenced).

Canadian history (continued).

VOCAL MUSIC

Simple songs and hymns.  The subjects of the former to be interesting and patriotic.  The tunes bright and cheerful.

CALLISTHENIC

Exercises, frequently accompanied by singing, to afford variation during work and to improve physique.

RELIGIOUS INSTRUCTION

Scripture reading, the Ten Commandments, Lord’s Prayer, Life of Christ, &c.

Note.English: Every effort must be made to induce pupils to speak English and to teach them to understand it; unless they do, the whole work of the teacher is likely to be wasted.

Reading:  Pupils must be taught to read loudly and distinctly.  Every word and sentence must be fully explained to them and from time to time they should be required to state the sense of a lesson or sentence, in their own words, in English and also in their own language if the teacher understands it.

General:  Instruction is to be direct, the voice and blackboard being the principal agents, the unnecessary use of textbooks to be avoided.

N.B. – It is considered a proof of the incompetency of a teacher, if pupils are found to read in “parrot fashion” only, i.e., without in the least understanding what they read, and the following remark applies to all teaching, viz: - Everything must be thoroughly understood, before a pupil is advanced to further studies.

 


Source: Canada. Annual Report of the Department of Indian Affairs (1896), pp. 396-399.